Classification of Pharmaceutical Intermediates Based on the chemical structure, pharmaceutical intermediates can be classified into various types:
Alkyl compounds: these intermediates are formed on the basis of alkyl groups through reactions such as acylation and amination. They play an important role in the subsequent reaction of the drug and can alter the dissociative properties and biological activity of the molecule.
Aromatic compounds: Aromatic intermediates are usually synthesised through aromatisation reactions, oxidation reactions etc. They are commonly used in the synthesis of antibacterial and anticancer drugs, and have a wide range of applications.
Heterocyclic compounds: Heterocyclic intermediates are ring structures composed of heteroatoms (e.g., nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen) and are synthesised through cyclisation reactions. The introduction of a heterocyclic structure can increase the specificity and activity of the drug molecule.
Functional group compounds: This class of intermediates is dominated by compounds with different functional groups. By reactive modification on the functional groups, their biological activities and specific pharmaceutical uses can be changed.
According to the classification of therapeutic effect, it mainly includes antibiotic drug intermediates, antipyretic and analgesic drug intermediates, sedative-hypnotic drug intermediates, cardiovascular drug intermediates, chemotherapy drug intermediates and so on.
Among them, antibiotic intermediates can be divided into quinolones, β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, amide alcohols, macrolides and so on in accordance with the chemical structure and bacterial inhibition mechanism of the antibacterial drugs synthesised by further reaction. Cardiovascular intermediates can be divided into aryloxanolamines for arrhythmia, nitrates for angina pectoris, and cardiac glycosides for cardiac insufficiency, etc., according to the treatment of different diseases. In addition, trifluoroethanol is an important intermediate for the synthesis of anaesthetics, while trifluoromethylaniline is an important intermediate for the synthesis of anti-malarials, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, anti-prostate drugs and antidepressants, which has a very broad market prospect.
